A gingivectomy was performed to elevate the level of the free gingival margin developing a more proportion ate form for the teeth, as well as removing an excessive display of gingiva below the inferior border of the upper lip. Depigmentation of gingiva using zolar diode laser video part. It is surrounded by the tooth in a turtleneck or cufflike way. Color range and color distribution of healthy human. Pigmented gingiva read the description and select the correct image. Chronic desquamative gingivitis was first recognized and reported. Chronic desquamative gingivitis was first recognized and reported in 1894. Topographic maps use symbols and coloring, with particular attention given to the shape and elevations of terrain. Tissue consistency and texture in gingivitis foundations. Free marginal gingiva is near cej and adheres closely to the tooth.
Gingival enlargement the currently accepted terminology for an increase in the size of the gingiva, is a common feature of gingival disease. Management of gingival hyperpigmentation 2 case reports. The aim of this study is to compile a comprehensive database on color range and color distribution of healthy human gingiva by age, gender and ethnicity. Hence the aim of case series was to compare four different depigmentation techniques for removing melanin pigmentation of gingiva. Gingival depigmentation by free gingival autograft. Gingival hyperpigmentation is a common esthetical concern in patients with gummy smile or excessive gingival display. Gingival description dentistry 104 with clossen at. Gingival contour article about gingival contour by the. Rounded free gingiva forming a sulcus between tooth and gingiva. Jan 15, 2015 chapter 4 gingival colour changes generalised aim.
Gingival colour changes generalised pocket dentistry. Gingival enlargement and its treatment authorstream. Gingival hyperpigmentation usually occurs due to the abnormal accumulation of melanin in the gingival tissue and confers a dark appearance to the gingiva. Anatomical relationship of normal gingiva in facial view a and in crosssection b. Having read this chapter, the reader should have a working knowledge of the various conditions that can cause generalised red, white and pigmented areas on the gingivae. Preoperative view showing miller class ii recession associated with tooth 41. Color range and color distribution of healthy human gingiva. Evaluation of patient response and recurrence of pigmentation following gingival depigmentation using laser and scalpel technique. Covers free gingiva and attached gingiva hard palatemostly attached keratinized free gingival margin is parakeratinized the hard palate, hard palate is keratinized the free gingival is parakeratinzed 2. This is strictly a clinical description of the condition and avoids the erroneous pathologic connotations of terms used in the past such as hypertrophic gingivitis or gingival hyperplasia. Melanic pigmentation results from melanin produced by the melanocytes present in the basal layer of the oral epithelium. Health, general gingiva physiological aspects gums pigmentation disorders care and treatment causes of.
Id really love if there were more guys doing games like this one. Recognition of normal gingiva, gingival infection, deeper periodontal involvement depends on disciplined, stepbystep examination dictate what we need to do, reversed on healthy tissue back to healthy state. This article is from european journal of dentistry, volume 8. Gingival pigmentation is presented as a diffuse deep purplish discoloration or as irregularly shaped brown and light brown or black patches, striae or strands. Adobe acrobat reader dc downloaden gratis pdfviewer voor.
Gingival depigmentation as an aesthetic procedure, improves the smile and the overall appearance of an individual. Dec 22, 2015 the aim of this study is to compile a comprehensive database on color range and color distribution of healthy human gingiva by age, gender and ethnicity. Smooth shiny surface non keratinized thin epithelium. Desquamative gingiva free download as powerpoint presentation. Download free adobe acrobat reader dc software for your windows, mac os and android devices to view, print, and comment on pdf documents. The free gingiva is that portion of the unattached gingiva around the cervical region of each tooth. Free gingival grafts are used to create a widened zone of. Free gingival graft tamizi et al 1996 used free gingival auto graft treatment of pigmentation and obtained successful results. Free gingiva the zone closest to the tooth crown is the free gingiva, which is the tissue that is not firmly attached to the tooth or alveolar bone. A case report of treating gingival hyperpigmentation renganath m. Rolled gingiva a thorough examination of the gingiva includes evaluation of color, size, shape form or contour, consistency, surface texture, position of the gingival margin and junctional epithelium, mucogingival junctions, bleeding and exudate. The use of free gingival grafts for aesthetic purposes.
Free gingiva definition of free gingiva by medical. A smile expresses a feeling of joy, success, sensuality, affection and. Free gingival graft as a single step procedure for treatment of. Depigmentation of gingiva using zolar diode laser video part 3 chinthamani laser dental implant. Composed of thin outer epithelium and underlying connective tissue. Melanin, a nonhemoglobinderived brown pigment, is the most common of the endogenous pigments and is produced by. Gingival contour article about gingival contour by the free. This chapter aims to identify those conditions that may produce widespread colour changes of the gingivae. It results from melanin granules, which are produced by melanoblasts. Request pdf gingival depigmentation by free gingival autograft. Esthetical clinical crown lengthening, lip repositioning. Gingival hyperpigmentation is removed by using different procedures of gingival depigmentation. A gingivectomy was performed to elevate the level of the free gingival margin developing a more proportion ate form for the teeth, as well as. Gingival pigmentation occurs in all races of man and it varies from one race to another.
Typically begins months after start rx pink and firm if inflamed, red and edematous may completely cover crowns of teeth phenytoininduced. Aesthetic depigmentation of gingival smokers melanosis. To achieve this, not only the teeth but also the gingiva plays an important role. A comparative evaluation of the gingival depigmentation by using tetrafluoroethane cryosurgery and the gingival abrasion technique 2 years of follow up. The increase of fluid in the inflamed tissue may also cause the gums to be soft, porous, and inelastic fig. Although there are many techniques to treat this unaesthetic condition the results of most of the techniques have not been stable for long term. A clinical study harpreet singh grover, himanshu dadlani, amit bhardwaj, anil yadav, sanjay lal department of periodontics, sgt dental college, hospital and research institute, gurgaon, haryana, india. The gingiva is an important intraoral tissue which when affected particularly by pigmentation is. Int j cur res rev vol 9 issue 3 february 2017 14 black to pink. It surrounds each tooth to form a collar of tissue with a. This is strictly a clinical description of the condition. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Health, general gingiva physiological aspects gums pigmentation. Shape the shape of the gingiva varies considerably depending on the shape of the teeth, their alignment in the arch, the location and size of the area of the proximal contact, the dimensions of the.
The guy who did this game probably did it during an acid trip. Alveolar mucosa moveable tissue loosely attached to underlying bone. Free gum is attached to the tooth using a special epithelium paroxizmalnaya form epithelium. Jul 23, 2015 free gingival graft tamizi et al 1996 used free gingival auto graft treatment of pigmentation and obtained successful results. Fibroma pyogenic granuloma peripheral giant cell granuloma giant cell epulis peripheral ossifying fibroma ossifying fibroid epulis epulis fissuratum congenital epulis of the newborn gingival cyst of the adult gingival cyst of the newborn fibroma etiology. Free gingiva definition of free gingiva by medical dictionary. Gingival depigmentation is a periodontal plastic procedure which has been carried out by various techniques. Nicholas 1981 reported a case of amalgam tattoo of the labial gingiva in the maxillary anterior region treated by palatal gingival auto graft successfully.
The gingival fibers are the connective tissue fibers that inhabit the gingival tissue adjacent to. The latter consists of gingiva, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and cementum. The consistency of the gingiva varies on the degree of health, density, and firmness of the tissue. Depigmentation of gingiva using zolar diode laser video. Study 16 gingival descriptors flashcards from ben l. Pigmented gingiva a thorough examination of the gingiva includes evaluation of color, size, shape form or contour, consistency, surface texture, position of the gingival margin and junctional epithelium. Numerous procedures have been developed for depigmentation of the gingiva, such as scalpel method, bur abrasion 4, free gingival graft 5, gingivectomy 6, cryosurgery 7, and laser surgery 8.
Children and adolescents are subject to a wide variety of gingival. Kaleli, quantitative changes in palatal donor site thickness after. Affordable and search from millions of royalty free images, photos and vectors. For the flapless esthetic clinical crown lengthening procedure, an adequate band of keratinized tissue and a thin bone should be present. Additional instructions and trouble shooting are included with the game.
Maps employing contour lines are called contour, or relief, maps although they are popularly called topographic maps see topography topography, description or representation of the features and configuration of land surfaces. Pigmented gingiva a thorough examination of the gingiva includes evaluation of color, size, shape form or contour, consistency, surface texture, position of the gingival margin and junctional epithelium, mucogingival junctions, bleeding and exudate. In this procedure, sulcular or inverted beveled incisions are. Hence, it is obligatory to cover the surgical site with periodontal dressing for 1 week. Gingival pigmentation definition of gingival pigmentation. The gingivas densely collagenous lamina propria is composed of the supraalveolar fiber apparatus, blood supply, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. The colour of the pigmented gingiva varies from light to dark brown or black. The doctors tv showosborne head and neck institute duration. Laser ablation has been recognized recently as the most effective. Sep 15, 2015 gingival depigmentation is a treatment to remove melanin hyperpigmentation of the gingiva and various methods have been used for this procedure with different degrees of success including gingivectomy, gingivectomy with free gingival autografting, electrosurgery, cryosurgery, chemotherapy with 90% phenol and 95% alcohol and abrasion with. Nicholas 1981 reported a case of amalgam tattoo of. Gingival lesions may extend into the free gingiva and adjacent mucosa or involve the frena. Comparative evaluation of gingival depigmentation using.
Most games i play are just a remake of another, few are actually original like this one, i mean, few games actually have a different art, music, these kinds of things. Gingival descriptors at dalhousie university studyblue. A case series a pleasing smile is desired by all, and forms the main focus of aesthetic dentistry. Desquamative gingiva diseases and disorders medical. Abstract cosmetic expectations have increased with time and current trends speak volumes about gingival esthetics and smile designing. To compare effectiveness of surgical blade, electrosurgery, free gingival graft fgg, and diode laser for. Evaluation of patient response and recurrence of pigmentation. Anatomical relationship of normal gingiva in facial view a. Depending upon the smile line, mouth opening in the normal smile position and the visibility of the teeth, the surgical area in maxilla, mandible or both were demarcated. Free gum is an unincorporated part of the gums surrounding the teeth in the region fac fig. Gingivae article about gingivae by the free dictionary.
A case report of treating gingival hyperpigmentation also, the healing period for scalpel wound is faster than oth er techniques. Beginning at the gingival margin, the zones include the free gingiva and interdental papilla, the free gingival groove when present, attached gingiva highly keratinized and rich in collagen, and the mucogingival junction. Feb 01, 20 each and every patient wants a beautiful smile. Introduction gingiva is part of oral mucosa that covers the alveolar processes of jaws and surrounds the neck of the tissue. Study 36 gingival description flashcards from brieona b. Clinical stomatology gingival swellings columbia ctl. Alveolar gingivae, palatal mucosa where the tumour is most commonly seen 80%, other sites include mandibular gingiva, retromolar trigone, buccal mucosa and floor of mouth. Gingiva can be divided into several zones as shown in figure 75. Therefore, in the present case series, a free gingival autograft was used for treating gingival melanin hyperpigmentation with a followup of six months with no signs of repigmentation. Tissue consistency and texture in gingivitis foundations of. One of the most common causes of oral pigmentation is smoker melanosis, a.
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